Paspalum dilatatum an overview sciencedirect topics. Paspalum dilatatum synonyms, paspalum dilatatum pronunciation, paspalum dilatatum translation, english dictionary definition of paspalum dilatatum. Paspalum dilatatum occupies different topographic positions in the flooding pampa, argentina. As a general rule, the longer dallisgrass has been established, the more difficult it will be to control. Handharvested, slowdried seed of paspalum atratum shows normal rates of deterioration under normal storage, but combineharvested andor rapidly dried seed has a relatively short shelf life. Paspalum dilatatum is one of exotic naturalized species in urban gardens in egypt. It has relatively large flower spikelets 34 mm long with long silky hairs on their margins and its seedheads usually only have 37 branches i. Paspalum is a genus of plants in the grass family the group is widespread across much of asia, africa, australia, and the americas commonly known as paspalum, bahiagrasses, crowngrasses or dallis grasses, many of the species are tall perennial new world grasses. Paspalum dilatatum wikispecies, free species directory. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. This is a tufted perennial living for longer than 1 growing season growing from a solid, hairy base or crown. Paspalum dilatatum as influenced by cutting height.
Although dallisgrass grows on a wide range of soils, it is best adapted to loam or clay loam soils that are poorly drained 20. Paspalum dilatatum dallisgrass paspalum dispar mosquito crowngrass paspalum dissectum mudbank crowngrass paspalum distichum knotgrass. Manual of the grasses of the united states, volume 2. Pdf ergot resistance in plants of paspalum dilatatum incorporated. It is a minor forage crop in the united states but is generally considered a weed in subtropical coastal australia, and is not as palatable to grazing animals as other pasture grass species, quickly. Pdf productivity and nutritive quality of dallisgrass paspalum. Root strength and trampling tolerance in the grass. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. It was introduced into the usa around 1875 ecoport, 2010. The genus includes important forage grasses and widespread weeds. Paspalum dilatatum is native to south america brazil, argentina, bolivia, chile, paraguay, uruguay.
Grows mainly in spring and summer and is suited to fertile soils. Paspalum dilatatum dallisgrass department of plant and. Ergot resistance in plants of paspalum dilatatum incorporated by hybridisation with paspalum urvillei. Reduced lignin content and altered lignin composition in the warm.
Multiple herbicide applications, over a twoyear period, are required to provide adequate control. The roots can descend as much as 120cm into the soil. Misha manuchehri 371 agricultural hall oklahoma state university stillwater, ok 74078. Populations from different positions are subjected to various regimes of. Culms robust, forming a dense tussock, erect, 12 m tall. Paspalum dilatatum umass amherst landscape, nursery. Paspalum urvillei is cut for hay in the united states, and the hay is classed as good. It is now widespread in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate areas. Paspalum is a genus in the poaceae family with about 330 species, mainly from tropical to warmtemperate regions of the american continent prota, 2017. The leaves are generally possess a characteristic purple colour at the base of the sheath, with a rolled vernation and large membranous ligule.
Flooding effects on plants recovering from defoliation in. Allelopathic interference of the exotic naturalized. Starr3192981paspalum dilatatumseedheadcrater hill kilauea pt nwrkauai 24912848840. Paspalum dilatatum tall tufted perennial tropical american grass naturalized as pasture and forage grass in southern united states dallis grass. It is used as a silage crop in sri lanka fao, 2012b. Leaves are blueygreen and the seed spikes are usually seen in late summer. It is widely distributed along topographical gradients and its growing season ranges from late spring to end of the summer. The stems are erect to ascending, growing 30 180cm tall and producing new roots at the nodes when in contact with the soil. Paspalum paspalum dilatatum vro agriculture victoria. It is native to brazil and argentina, but it is known throughout the world as an introduced species and at times a common weed. While the forage quality of paspalum dilatatum dallisgrass is higher.
As a general rule, the longer dallisgrass has been established, the. Y yes, regularly, o occasionally, u uncertain, referred by others but not confirmed. They are warmseason c 4 grasses and are most diverse in subtropical and tropical regions paspalum. Introduced in mediterranean region, caucasus, western asia, indian peninsula, china, japan, korea, southeast asia, most of africa, north america, central america, caribbean, south america northwest. The allelopathic potential of this species was assessed on native weeds of gardens. Paspalum comes from the greek word for millet, paspalos quattrocchi, 1999. It is present in the southern half of north america, southern. Pdf interspecific hybridisation and backcrossing were used in an attempt to transfer the ergot.
Leaf blades can be broad and long, reaching up to 25cm in length. The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 431483 with original publication details. This species significantly reduced cover, biomass and diversity of native weeds. Paspalum dilatatum description a perennial grassy, clump forming weed with a robust rhizomatous growth habit. Dallisgrass paspalum dilatatum is arguably one of the most difficulttocontrol turfgrass weeds in tennessee. Paspalum species, dallis grass, dallisgrass, sticky heads paspalum dilatatum by htop jul 20, 2005 10. French polynesia society islands tahiti island fosberg, f. Paspalum species, dallis grass, dallisgrass, sticky heads. Thus, dallisgrass is one of the best indicator forages that identifies. Lower sheaths harshly pilose towards the base, otherwise glabrous. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for subspecies profiles.
Pertinent common names particularly those used in california. Riparian and wetland vegetation of natural open spaces in. General information about paspalum dilatatum pasdi south america central zone. It has been introduced to tropical, subtropical and temperate regions worldwide for its use as pasture grass and for golf courses. It is highly tolerant of various environmental stresses. Department of agriculture agricultural research service.
Paspalum, dallis grass paspalum dilatatum is naturalized in texas and other states and is considered an invasive plant in texas. Seed heads infected by ergot can affect stock health. Common names dallisgras in german capim melador, capim mimoso, sanduva in portuguese caterpillar grass in english dallas grass in language. Effects of flooding and drought on the anatomy of paspalum. Manual of the grasses of the united states, 2nd ed 200, 1051 pp. Plants are more vigorous in moist, fertile soils or locations receiving good rainfall over warmer months muyt. Dallisgrass paspalum dilatatum is a leafy, tufted, moderatelysized perennial grass that is native to south america. Paspalum dilatatum french polynesia society islands raiatea havai island national tropical botanical garden u. Department of botany and genetics, university of the free state, po box 339, bloemfontein 9300. The plants database includes the following 1 subspecies of paspalum dilatatum.
An association between paspalum dilatatum and black beetle. This is a native of south america related to paspalum dilatatum and likewise introduced widely in the tropics as a forage grass and weed. White clover, strawberry clover and lotus are the main companion. In the tropics, seed is dried slowly in the shade to preserve its viability. Pdf dallisgrass paspalum dilatatum is well adapted to the black belt region of the.
Paspalum dilatatum is a species of grass known by the common name dallisgrass, dallas grass, or sticky heads. Paspalum dilatatum is a clumpforming, perennial grass with clustered stems arising from very short, creeping rhizomes. Widely used in irrigated pastures and common in both rural and urban settings in areas where annual rainfall exceeds 500 mm muyt 2001. Paspalum paspalum dilatatum is regarded as an environmental weed in queensland, new south wales, victoria, western australia and south australia. Paspalum dilatatum definition of paspalum dilatatum by. Rennw ruakura soil and plant research station, hamilton absfract field monitoring of black beetle, heteronychus arutor f.
Paspalum dilatatum a tough perennial grass growing out from a central base or crown that is very difficult to pull out by hand when mature. Root strength of paspalum dilatatum and lotus glaber plants grown under control and flooding conditions for 15 days. An australian mastrevirus from paspalum dilatatum article pdf available in archives of virology 1571. Paspalum dilatatum pasdioverview eppo global database. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Paspalum dilatatum is a species of grass known by the common name dallisgrass, dallas grass. Its rapid growth and spreading rhizomes make it an invasive pest in some areas. Paspalum dilatatum is a perennial grass native to south america that has been introduced into tropical and subtropical areas as a forage. It is normally sown at 510 kgha, and preferably placed less than 1.
A preliminary approach to the phylogeny of the genus paspalum. Inflorescence composed of 23511 racemes borne along a common axis 220 cm. Dallisgrass paspalum dilatatum poie is an introduced forage in the united states with native plants originating in south america 18,19. Dallisgrass forms loose bunches that grow from prostrate with erect tips to completely erect. Phylogenetic investigation of paspalum dilatatum and related species, pp. The plants database includes the following 85 species of paspalum.